Which radiation type requires the most protective measures due to its ability to penetrate materials?

Gamma rays require the most protective measures because they have high energy and possess great penetrating power. Unlike alpha particles, which can be stopped by a sheet of paper, and beta particles, which can penetrate skin but are typically halted by materials like plastic or glass, gamma rays can pass through most materials, including human tissue. Their ability to penetrate means that significant shielding is necessary to protect against exposure.

Dense materials like lead or thick concrete are often used to shield against gamma radiation effectively. Notably, even at greater distances, gamma rays can still pose a risk, making protective measures critical when dealing with sources of this type of radiation. Understanding these characteristics is crucial for first responders to ensure their safety and the safety of others in the event of a radiation incident.